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nerdgirl

From future war to Flanders fields

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I went there in February this year and it is a profoundly moving place. There are trenches still preserved in one spot and due to the tradition of burying their dead near where they fell there are literally dozens of little cemetaries all over the place. It is worth when looking at the pictures of Ypres as it is now remembering that not a single wall of a building was left intact after the War. It was literally and physically flattened. The Belgians rebuilt it almost exactly as it was and the old Cloth Hall (in the centre of the town) now holds a beautiful and detailed museum. As you enter the museum you are given the name of a person to follow through to find out what happened. In our group of 14 people I had the only one who survived. I will dig out some of my pictures and put them up if there is any interest.

Also worth noting that as a tribute to those who saved them the Belgians still play the last post every single day at the Menin Gate. It is one of the most moving things I have ever seen.

Edited to add: I think it is ironic this has to be in SC as more people should know about this!

CJP

Gods don't kill people. People with Gods kill people

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It is worth when looking at the pictures of Ypres as it is now remembering that not a single wall of a building was left intact after the War. It was literally and physically flattened. The Belgians rebuilt it almost exactly as it was and the old Cloth Hall (in the centre of the town) now holds a beautiful and detailed museum.



Sounds like In Flanders Fields Museum. We went through it as well. If one doesn’t know the history of the Western Front well -- & admittedly I didn’t/don’t – it is an excellent place to start.



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As you enter the museum you are given the name of a person to follow through to find out what happened. In our group of 14 people I had the only one who survived. I will dig out some of my pictures and put them up if there is any interest.



Yes, please post.

My assigned character, Nellie Spindler, who was a 26-yo nurse from England, was killed in 1917 during a mortar attack while serving at a Casualty Clearing Station. She’s one of a very limited number of women buried in the Flanders Fields cemeteries.


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I think it is ironic this has to be in SC as more people should know about this!


I chose to post in SC mostly because I like SC & the folks who converse here. :)
/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Curious - what do you think will be the most likely form of warfare in the ensuing 20 years or so? State on state?



Insurgents/terrorists. But that doesn't mean it's 4GW. It's about the only option they have considering their circumstances. Edited to add: I do not believe it would be their first choice if they had other reasonable options.

The main reason I do not believe insurgency is 4GW is because generational warfare is adopted by all sides.

1GW - Massed manpower
2GW - firepower
3GW - manuever


Think that we may largely be in agreement here. 4GW is not just historical insurgencies. 4GW is effective use of information and communication technologies by both states and non-state actors.

I’ll borrow COL Hamme’s description for 4GW:
“Fourth generation warfare uses all available networks – political, economic, social, and military – to convince the enemy’s political decisionmakers that their strategic goals are either unachievable or too costly for the perceived benefit. … The key concept in this definition is that 4GW opponents will attempt to directly attack the minds of enemy decision makers. The only medium that can change a person’s mind is information. Therefore, information [& the new, faster , higher capacity methods by which information can be transmitted, received, stored, & queried – nerdgirl] is the key element of any 4GW strategy. Effective insurgents build their plans around a strategic communications campaign designed to shift their enemy’s view of the world.”
Those are the ideas that were largely perceived to have been epitomized in the concepts of network centric warfare (of the VADM Cebrowski (RIP)-led Office of Force Transformation, under SecDef Rumsfeld) and that one might speculate are nascently observed in the recent Iranian-protesters use of social networking methods, e.g., Twitter. (Altho’ the latter is not w/out skeptics: “Reading Twitter in Tehran?”)



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The more I think about it the entire theory of generational warfare has a lot of holes in it.



Don’t disagree. It’s a framework not an operational plan or ‘battle command’ (e.g., per FM 3-0 Chapter 5-2 … and my apologies for defaulting to Army doctrine; if I knew USMC doctrine as well, I’d cite that.) It a framework that is also most applicable to state on state conventional military operations & the role of technology, im-ever-ho. It works less well, again imo, for trying to figure out how to account for what is being observed today w/r/t decrease in state-on-state warfare and increase in non-state actors (terrorists & insurgents) & the role of technology. Afaik, there isn’t a better, high-level explanation of the impact of technology on warfare tho’, especially w/r/t emerging technology. Maybe you know one I’ve missed? And admittedly, it largely treats emerging technology as catch-all for ‘stuff’ that will have major strategic impact. (Not very satisfying intellectually or operationally, eh?) The GW concept may not be (probably isn’t, imo) completely adequate, but it’s a starting point for conversations. And it’s a framework that many of the folks with whom I’m wanting to be able to converse know, which is important for communicating.

While there has been significant increase in the visibility over the last few years of counterinsurgency theory (largely since FM 3-24’s publication and dissemination … the latter, perhaps being just as important, insofar as strategic communications, like making it available through amazon.com), to a large extent the US military today still recognizes two grammars of war: conventional warfare & everything else. The latter includes COIN but is more expansive. And NATO largely follows whatever we do. (Don't tell some of them that, tho.' ;)) An adequate framework has to span both conventional military operations and insurgencies & the blurry-frustrating-spaces in between, imo.

For me, the most fascinating, fun, and most significant strategic implication of the GW concept … (or “theory” as the social scientists call it, which I find more insidious than annoying here because it falsely tries to project/mimic the predictive capability of physical theories, which it can’t/doesn’t) … is at the “5GW” level - the anticipatory portion. Again from COL Hammes:
“Communications is not the only burgeoning sector with implications for 5GW. Two industries with even greater potential to change our world—biotechnology and nanotechnology [including cloaking metamaterials – nerdgirl]—are on the verge of huge growth.”
I’d add both robotics (near term) and the cognitive sciences (medium to far term) to the potential to create GW changes.


Which in some ways goes back to my earlier question: Why do you specifically think guerrillas will pursue unmanned vehicles? (As opposed to cyber or other means?) What's the advantage?



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Unortunately, I'm out of time for today but I do have a lot of thoughts on this so will touch on it again within the next few days.



Very much look forward to reading them. :)
/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Why do you specifically think guerrillas (how do you differentiate from insurgents?) will pursue unmanned vehicles? (As opposed to cyber or other means?) What's the advantage?




Guerrilla warfare, while utilized by insurgents, to me is small unit warfare. I really want to avoid using the term "insurgents" because I see them as a very special breed of fighter rather than a tactic or strategy. I think we're giving insurgents too much credit or perhaps I'm not giving insurgents enough credit.

Unmanned vehicles was just an example as there is a plethora of technologies which will be utilized in the future. Didn't necessarily want to focus on that as the only technology but I feel it is the next step and the US, as well as other major armies of the world, will be heavily supported by such vehicles.


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Think that we may largely be in agreement here. 4GW is not just historical insurgencies. 4GW is effective use of information and communication technologies by both states and non-state actors.



So more appropriately 4GW should be called information (intelligence/counterintelligence) and communication? Or maybe propaganda?

The GW concept seems too simplistic imo but you are right...it does open up the discussion about future wars and what is to be expected. Or what should we expect.
www.FourWheelerHB.com

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Why would you ever think laughing is appropriate?



In what context? Flanders fields?

You cannot see the irony in planning for future war at a place that commemorates one of the most pointless wars from the start of last century?

Maybe its better to laugh than cry?

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Do you want people to think you are a waste of skin?



Do you want to tone down the attitude cry baby?



Reminds me of dialogue from "Cross of Iron"...

Oberst Brandt (James Mason): "What will we do when we have lost the war?"
Hauptmann Kiesel (David Warner): "Prepare for the next one."

"Only the dead have seen the end of war." - Plato

This last quote can be seen on one of the inner walls of the Imperial War Museum in London.

I used to dig going to war museums. Nowadays they sicken me, and make me sad.

And yes, the ugly irony of planning future war at one of the sites of the most appalling obscenities known to mankind is not lost on me. We humans are a sad race, aren't we?

mh
.
"The mouse does not know life until it is in the mouth of the cat."

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Another lesson for future wars can be taken away from the site. If you are going to pick a fight make damn sure you got enough material to finish it. A shortage of exsplosives for artillery rounds was the leading imeptus for Germany's introduction of chem warfare.

-Blind
"If you end up in an alligator's jaws, naked, you probably did something to deserve it."

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One of the more interesting parts of the history is the background of Fritz Haber. He developed the Chlorine gas that was used there. His biography leading up to that point is very interesting. I wonder if he would have chosen the same path if Hitler was in power.
"No cookies for you"- GFD
"I don't think I like the sound of that" ~ MB65
Don't be a "Racer Hater"

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One of the more interesting parts of the history is the background of Fritz Haber. He developed the Chlorine gas that was used there. His biography leading up to that point is very interesting. I wonder if he would have chosen the same path if Hitler was in power.



Agree - think there are lots of interesting stories and histories behind chemical warfare.

If Hitler was in power, I have no doubt that Haber would not have supported the war effort as he did.

Another interesting twist of history, which you may know, toward the end of WWI Hitler was exposed to chlorine that blinded him temporarily. Historians generally credit that experience for his resistance to using chemical warfare agents on the battlefield during WWII.

And from documents declassifed in the few weeks: "Britain considered chemical attack on Tokyo in 1944."

/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Another lesson for future wars can be taken away from the site. If you are going to pick a fight make damn sure you got enough material to finish it. A shortage of exsplosives for artillery rounds was the leading imeptus for Germany's introduction of chem warfare.



Interesting observation :)canisters (not artillery shells) at the Western Front … your comments prompt questions, a trait that not infrequently gets me in ‘trouble,’ :P sometimes of unexpectedly neat variety :D … and some of which are admittedly simplified for concision.

What’s the lesson that you would take from that for US planning? And not just limited to the lesson that it is valuable to insure that that the State has adequate industrial base, adequate raw materials, and robust acquisitions and logistics train. What does it mean for strategy and anticipation of actions of the adversary?

What does it suggest w/r/t escalation to unconventional weapons if conventional options are limited/restricted?

And, if one asserts that logistics (inventory and ability to transport supplies) are the dominant factor w/r/t the German decision to employ chlorine at Ypres, then extrapolating forward chronologically (i.e., lessons learned), what does that suggest strategically w/r/t the likelihood of other adversaries to escalate to unconventional weapons?

Or more simplistically, why hasn’t Al Qa’eda used chem,* radiological, or bio weapons? (*setting aside momentarily the use of chlorine-coupled IEDs by AQ-affiliated insurgents in western Iraq in 2006-07). Does this suggest that the impetus to escalate to chem, bio, or rad weapons is over-hyped? … insurgents aren’t running out of materials for IEDs. [:/]

/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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all of the 54,896 names engraved on the sides of the Menin Gate are British and former British Empire soldiers whose bodies were never found. They have no graves.



How the heck did they lose almost 55,000 bodies? That seems rather impossible to do.



Many of the grave stones are only marked with "A soldier of the Great War/Known Unto God." At the start of the war, many soldiers had 'dog tags' that were compressed cardboard. More precisely, many bodies were/are unidentifiable. At some of the cemetaries the grave stones are touching to symbolize mass graves.

And there are just some bodies that were never found in the chaos and destruction of 'No Man's Land.'

Every year remains are discovered. Sometimes identified and the name is removed from the Menin Gate. Otherwise reburied as another "A soldier of the Great War/Known Unto God."

/Marg



So you're saying the bodies were actually found and buried, just not identified. That's quite a different thing from "bodies not found", that I initially believed you were saying. And not at all unusual during war.



Many of them were not found John. Some blown into fragments by barage after barage, many burried alive. In many places its still not safe for farmers to plough their fields due to large quantities of unexploded ordinance that remains buried. Every year approx 900 TONS of UXO is recovered from Verdun alone. Therefore digging for bodies isn't the most safest of thing to do in the old battlefields so 55,000 isn't as wild sounding figure as you might think. Remember the casulty figures were mind blowing, In one day 1 July 1916 at the battle of the Somme the British alone suffered 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 dead. That battle went on for four and a half months.
When an author is too meticulous about his style, you may presume that his mind is frivolous and his content flimsy.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca

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Dr Hary Fair's assesment of the suitability of TRIGA reactors as power plants for portable rail guns is questionable to say the least. In determinig there size he has taken no account of the surrounding stuctures, combustion gas turbines, or underground containment. To say that they could be used mounted in a vechicle would seem to be prepostorous.
Although there are other small reactors which claim to be portable eg: the Hyperion Power Module, NIKIET's new reactor, STAR and SSTAR all require gas turbines and underground containment.
When an author is too meticulous about his style, you may presume that his mind is frivolous and his content flimsy.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca

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Another interesting twist of history, which you may know, toward the end of WWI Hitler was exposed to chlorine that blinded him temporarily. Historians generally credit that experience for his resistance to using chemical warfare agents on the battlefield during WWII

Are you sure ? I thought it was Mustard gas. I'll have to check.
"No cookies for you"- GFD
"I don't think I like the sound of that" ~ MB65
Don't be a "Racer Hater"

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Interesting observation :)



Ian Hogg's observation actually, but I agree with it since without the hyper-sensitivity to WMD's today's society possesses, chem munitions just are really all that effective nor worth the hassle of decon.


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What’s the lesson that you would take from that for US planning?



A caveat, I'm more familiar with WWI tech than the war situation as a whole, but to me it strikes me that the greatest failing was the inability for high command to think outside the box. People are always lambasting generals for fighting the last war, but I think WWI was a bit different. I think there was a concerted effort to adapt to the new technologies, but that the planners' imaginations could not compete with the actual brutual efficiency of the new gear. IMO, this caused the various high commands to fall back into the mindset of more traditional doctrines that ultimately produced the horrible meatgrinders that most people associate with WWI.

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What does it mean for strategy and anticipation of actions of the adversary?



My call? The only certainty in war is uncertainty so try to mitigate that. Spend obscene amounts on your intelligence assets, train your military to be utterly adaptable and brutally streamline your procurement process so that the right kind of gear can be fielded in a timely manner.

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What does it suggest w/r/t escalation to unconventional weapons if conventional options are limited/restricted?



Nothing new, namely if your serious enough to be engaged in a true war, than desperation is going to force you to try new things.


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Or more simplistically, why hasn’t Al Qa’eda used chem,* radiological, or bio weapons? (*setting aside momentarily the use of chlorine-coupled IEDs by AQ-affiliated insurgents in western Iraq in 2006-07). Does this suggest that the impetus to escalate to chem, bio, or rad weapons is over-hyped? … insurgents aren’t running out of materials for IEDs.

Well unconventional does neccessarily have to equal wmd. The 911 attacks were highly uncovnetional. As for not using WMD's, isn't AQ a victim of their own success? They've gained enough noteriety that normal attacks generate the kind of press they need while their noteriety also means that everyone and their kid brother is milking their intelligence networks hard for any sign of loose WMD's which makes the risk associated with acquisition very high.

I think this line of thinking falls prey to the common misconception that asymmetrical warfare outside of the spec ops field must equal terrorism. I don't have to use WMD's to win a hearts & minds campaign but there are some very valid points for using wmd's on certain targets to make the government of a superior force sue for peace to avoid having their defenses comprised to a point that they are unable to function at a level sufficient to discourage foes with more symmetrical levels of force.

-Blind
"If you end up in an alligator's jaws, naked, you probably did something to deserve it."

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Or more simplistically, why hasn’t Al Qa’eda used chem,* radiological, or bio weapons? (*setting aside momentarily the use of chlorine-coupled IEDs by AQ-affiliated insurgents in western Iraq in 2006-07). Does this suggest that the impetus to escalate to chem, bio, or rad weapons is over-hyped? … insurgents aren’t running out of materials for IEDs.



Well unconventional does neccessarily have to equal wmd. The 911 attacks were highly uncovnetional.



Suspect that you may have meant to insert a “not” in that first sentence, yes?

If so, concur. Sometimes the concept is called “black swans” – anticipating the unexpected in the enemy or other systems.

The lesson that you originally suggested (inventory drives weapons choice) seemed to be quite different from your second response:
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Another lesson for future wars can be taken away from the site. If you are going to pick a fight make damn sure you got enough material to finish it. A shortage of exsplosives for artillery rounds was the leading imeptus for Germany's introduction of chem warfare.

Appreciate the expansion & clarification.

/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Another interesting twist of history, which you may know, toward the end of WWI Hitler was exposed to chlorine that blinded him temporarily. Historians generally credit that experience for his resistance to using chemical warfare agents on the battlefield during WWII

Are you sure ? I thought it was Mustard gas. I'll have to check.



No, I'm not sure.

He references being affected by some unspecified chemical warfare agent (CWA) in Mein Kampf … a number of years after it happened. There are debates as to what it was. The characteristics and symptoms he describes, some 4 to 6 years later, don’t fit chlorine perfectly nor do they fit sulfur mustard exactly. Both cause temporary blindness. Chlorine is more likely to cause hoarseness and sore throat than sulfur mustard. The delay he remembers suggests sulfur mustard, but the lack of blisters suggests it’s not. The smell that he recalled, something similar to the iodoform, which he remembered from it being used medicinally as part of the treatment of his mother’s breast cancer, is closer to chlorine (sharp acrid) than sulfur mustard (garlic) but also notably different from both. Could have been phosgene (freshly cut grass) or chloropicrin (also sharp acrid – mixed with chlorine it was “Yellow Star”) as well. Most likely, the CWA came from the British, who had all in their arsenal at the time. If you want to call it sulfur mustard, you’ll have plenty of good & smart company.

NB: sulfur mustard isn't a gas at any temperature you would want to be around. The boiling point is above 400F. It decomposes in an oxygenated atmosphere before boiling. The vapor pressure is fairly low (0.072 mm Hg at 68F). It solidifies at ~56F, depending on purity.

/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Or more simplistically, why hasn’t Al Qa’eda used chem,* radiological, or bio weapons? (*setting aside momentarily the use of chlorine-coupled IEDs by AQ-affiliated insurgents in western Iraq in 2006-07). Does this suggest that the impetus to escalate to chem, bio, or rad weapons is over-hyped? … insurgents aren’t running out of materials for IEDs.



Well unconventional does neccessarily have to equal wmd. The 911 attacks were highly uncovnetional.



Suspect that you may have meant to insert a “not” in that first sentence, yes?



Yeah, I was trying to formulate the thought while multitasking and forgot the "not", sorry about that.

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The lesson that you originally suggested (inventory drives weapons choice) seemed to be quite different from your second response:

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Another lesson for future wars can be taken away from the site. If you are going to pick a fight make damn sure you got enough material to finish it. A shortage of exsplosives for artillery rounds was the leading imeptus for Germany's introduction of chem warfare.

Appreciate the expansion & clarification.



the dichotomy is from the difference between the perfect and the real world. In a perfect would you do get to be that flexible. In the real world you get to work with what you have on hand and in that case, you better have enough of it.

-Blind
"If you end up in an alligator's jaws, naked, you probably did something to deserve it."

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NB: sulfur mustard isn't a gas at any temperature you would want to be around. The boiling point is above 400F. It decomposes in an oxygenated atmosphere before boiling. The vapor pressure is fairly low (0.072 mm Hg at 68F). It solidifies at ~56F, depending on purity.

I would rather wash my hands with molten Phenol. :S:D
"No cookies for you"- GFD
"I don't think I like the sound of that" ~ MB65
Don't be a "Racer Hater"

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I've avoided this thread for a while; it breaks my heart - whether we're speaking about our relatives in WW I or II, or our brothers, more recently; in Iraq or Afghan. Recently I'm fuckin' sick and tired of attending funerals. Anyway - I'd the recent honour of attending a battlefield tour with a surviving glider pilot.

He was explaining his defensive position to me; where the trenches were built; where the supporting fire was; and most importantly, as the sun burst through from some typical European rain clouds - where he'd lost his Gold lighter. 'Over there, by those Beech trees...'
Can you imagine what I'd have done to find this mans lighter? His wee description - his lighter - the way he brought reality back into the present - the way our boys are being wasted now!?

'for it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' "chuck 'im out, the brute!" But it's "saviour of 'is country" when the guns begin to shoot.'

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A follow-up to one of the discussions this thread w/r/t the “54,896 names engraved on the sides of the Menin Gate [who] are British and former British Empire soldiers whose bodies were never found. They have no graves,” regarding how almost 55,000 bodies could not be found.

While there are multiple explanations – some are buried in unmarked graves, some were incinerated/blasted until nothing remained, and every year new remains are found, like those mentioned in this story from NPR on the discovery of a “WWI-Era Mass Grave Rediscovered In France” containing the remains of some 250 British and Australian soldiers who previously had no graves.
“A landscape of church spires and farmers' fields surrounds the tiny French village of Fromelles. Today, there's little sign that this was once the site of a horrific battle. In July 1916, thousands of fresh-faced British and Australian recruits stormed across no man's land in an attempt to take heavily fortified German trenches.

“The Battle of Fromelles ended in total slaughter. About 7,000 soldiers of the British Empire were cut down in two days by German guns and shells. Buried by the Germans behind enemy lines, many of these men might have remained hidden forever if not for some determined historians and ground-penetrating radar.

“David Richardson of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission says they hope to identify some of the soldiers by matching their DNA with that of living relatives. ‘We found 250, exactly 250, sets of remains, and it's very heavy, wet, clay soil here. So they would have been at a fairly constant temperature, fairly wet all the time, and so, preservation was pretty good. Hair, of course, still there on some of the remains. You know, 93 years later, we're still finding DNA.’

“David Richardson says as his team studies each set of remains, trying to establish an identity and cause of death, a picture begins to emerge of the individual soldier.

“Not far from where the archaeologists are working, bricklayers are laying the foundations for the first cemetery to be built by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in 50 years on land donated by the village. Fromelles has had a bond with Australia since the Great War. The town's school has two clocks. One shows French time, the other the time in Melbourne.”
There soon may be 250 fewer names on the Menin Gate.

/Marg

Act as if everything you do matters, while laughing at yourself for thinking anything you do matters.
Tibetan Buddhist saying

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Do you really think such visits would change their attitudes?

Do you really think it's that simple?:S



I certaily don't think it would affect most of the chickenhawks... they are too busy and too special in their world.


Perhaps. Maybe you'd be surprised over how many have seriously sleepness nights going over what they thought would be the best for everyone. As you'd no doubt be un-suprised over the other cunts thinking no further than their pathetic bank accounts....:)

'for it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' "chuck 'im out, the brute!" But it's "saviour of 'is country" when the guns begin to shoot.'

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